The Tragic Hero of Hamlet Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Tragic Hero of Hamlet    Shakespeare's play, Hamlet illustrates the tragedy of a young prince's pursuit to obtain revenge for a corrupt act, the murder of his father.  Ã‚   As the exposition unfolds, we find Prince Hamlet struggling with internal conflict over who and what was behind his father's death.   His struggle continues as he awaits the mystic appearance of a ghost who is reported to resemble his father.   Suddenly it appears, proclaiming, "Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing / To what I shall unfold" (1.5.5-6).   The ghost continues to speak providing an important clue: "The serpent that did sting thy father's life / Now wears his crown" (1.5.38-39).   In short, this passage reveals evidence leading to the identity of whom Prince Hamlet must pursue in order to obtain revenge.   Moreover, Prince Hamlet's pursuit for revenge casts him into the role of a tragic hero, whose decision to feign madness enables the audience to see his tragic flaw, which seals his fate of destruction. Tragic heroes are characterized as the protagonists of a tragedy who begin in a state of happiness and fall into destruction.   The manner in which Prince Hamlet's happiness is affected, causing him to assume the role of a tragic hero is through the loss of his father, which drives him into a state of depression.   Also, the hasty remarriage of his mother, Queen Gertrude to his uncle, Claudius, the new king becomes significant, as he is reluctant to support this marriage.   His reluctance is portrayed later in the play as he speaks to Gertrude, saying, Look her upon this picture, and on this, The counterfeit presentment of two brothers.  Ã‚   See what a grace was seated on this brow: Hyperion's curls, the front of Jove himself, An eye like Mar... ...eare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965. Epstein, Norrie. "One of Destiny's Casualties." Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of The Friendly Shakespeare: A Thoroughly Painless to the Best of the Bard. New York: Viking Penguin, 1993. p. 332-34. Gooch, Bryan N. S. "Review of The Shapes of Revenge: Victimization, Vengeance, and Vindictiveness in Shakespeare." Early Modern Literary Studies 4.1 (May, 1998): 5.1-6   http://purl.oclc.org/emls/04-1/rev_goo6.html. Gordon, Edward J. Introduction to Tragedy. Rochelle Park, NJ: Hayden Book Co., Inc., 1973. Jorgensen, Paul A. "Hamlet." William Shakespeare: the Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publ., 1985. N. pag. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/jorg-hamlet.html Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. T. J. B. Spencer. New York: Penguin, 1996.

Classicism Versus Positivism

Two criminological approaches that have the origin in contemporary criminology are classicism and positivism. Classicism has the origin in the eighteenth century and positivism in the nineteenth. Both, the classical and the positivism theory are expanded in the past with their own roots, but in today criminal justice system are still alive. Classicism was first developed by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, two famous writers which propose in their works that both law and administration of justice should be based on rationality and human rights. Cesare Beccaria’s concept of punishment is that â€Å"punishment should fit the crime.Criminals are seen to owe a ‘debt’ to society and punishment should be fixed strictly in proportion to the seriousness of the crime. † (Beccaria, 1974 cited in Burke, 2001, p. 27) and Jeremy Bentham greatest principle was â€Å"the greatest happiness for the greatest number, he felt that punishments should be calculated to infli ct pain in direct proportion to the damage done to the public interest. † (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 56) Positivism or ‘the science of crime’ was first developed by Cesare Lambroso in the late nineteenth century.He is the founder of modern criminology and he is known for his notion of the ‘atavistic criminal’ (Taylor et all, 1973, p. 41) and he described criminals as â€Å"atavistic, a throwback to an earlier form of evolutionary life† (Taylor et all, 1973, p. 41). Cesare Lambroso defined them into five main categories: born criminals, epileptics, insane criminals, occasional criminals and criminals of passion. (Lecture 3) â€Å"Positivism within criminology has been enormously influential and comes for substantive and sustained criticism.Critics of individual positivism such as David Matza (1964) argue that it draws on three problematic sets of assumptions (Tierney, 1996): determinism, differentiation and pathology . † (Criminology, Tim Newburn, p. 128) Firstly both criminological approaches have different perspective on the human subject. The classicalist theory says that human are rational beings with a free will to act and once they make a decision they must accept the consequences after it. They are individuals and they make a ration choice.On the other hand the positivist theory says humans have no moral responsibility, they are driven into crime by forces largely out of their control and they are using methods derived from the natural sciences and their crime is caused by biological, psychological or social factors (‘determinism’). â€Å"Crime is not a free choice but is determined. Positivism is a deterministic theory. † (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 63). Secondly in the classical model â€Å"unlike positivism, it views committing crime as making a free choice† (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 8). In positiv ism theory we can find a ‘differentiation’, â€Å"the criminal is a specific type of person† (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 62) and criminals differ from non-criminals. Thirdly between classicism and positivism is also a pathology difference: the criminals are not only different; there is something wrong with them. Cesare Lombroso â€Å"identified not just the born criminal, but also the emotional criminal, the morally insane criminal and masked epileptic criminal† (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 62).In conclusion these two contrasting approaches are different and contain distinct periods in the past, classicism and positivism. I believe it is fair to say that their existence is not as heavily relied upon as it once was in the past. Bibliographic reference: An introduction to criminological theory, Roger Hopkins Burke. (2001) Criminology a social introduction, Eamonn Carrabine, Pam Cox, Maggy Lee, Ken Plummer and Nigel South. (Second edition, 2009) The New Criminology, Taylor, I. , Walton, P. and Young, J. , Chapter 1. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. (1973) Criminology, Tim Newburn. (2007)

Examples of Macro and Micro Economics - 840 Words

?Economics is a social science that mainly focuses on different fields of knowledge dealing with the proper distribution, allotment, production and consumption of resources. Economics has been divided into two significant branches; one of it being the microeconomics and the other one being the macroeconomics. Microeconomics can be easily understood through the term micro itself which means small, microeconomics focuses on small level that is to say it includes areas of individual decision making and its core components include production, exchange, distribution and consumption. Macroeconomics on the other hand focuses on a much aggregate level. Unlike microeconomics it influences those areas in its study that mainly focus on the economy†¦show more content†¦The concept can be understood through the example of cellular networks. Whenever a Cellular connection company decreases its prices and provides more benefits in less prices, than its demand automatically rises amongst the customers as compared to other networks. d) The law of diminishing returns also finds its application in our daily lives. The law states that during a production process the marginality of a product tends to increase if certain variable factors that are involved in its manufacturing are added each time. For example in an industry if there is a large machine being used in the production process than by employing more than one labor to work on it will increase the marginal products produced out of it. The above mentioned examples told us a great deal that how microeconomics finds its application in our daily lives. Now we will talk about how macroeconomics establishes itself as an important essential in understanding some of the mechanism of different transactions and workings in our daily lives. a)Macroeconomics gives economists and state representatives of any country to look over the economical situation of the country. The concept of National Income in Macroeconomics provides them with this opportunity. For example by calculating the national income we are able to have a clear idea whether the different sectors inShow MoreRelatedMicro Marketing And Macro Marketing1510 Words   |  7 PagesMicro-Marketing and Macro-marketing have to completely different meanings. According Basic Marketing the 9th edition by William D. Perrault, Joseph Cannon, and Jerome McCarthy define micro-marketing concerns the marketing activities of an individual firm, whereas macro-marketing deals with how the whole marketing system works (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy 2014, p 526). 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